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Angle Converter.

°
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rad
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Reference Table

° rad grad ' " turn mrad
0.180.00314159270.210.86480.00053.141593
1.80.0314159265210864800.00531.415927
180.3141592654201080648000.05314.159265
1803.141593200108006480000.53141.5927
180031.41592720001080006480000531415.9265
18000314.1592652000010800006480000050314159.2654
1800003141.5927200000108000006480000005003141592.6536

Units in this converter

° Degree
rad Radian
1 ° = 0.01745329 rad
grad Gradian
1 ° = 1.11111111 grad
' Arcminute
1 ° = 60 '
" Arcsecond
1 ° = 3600 "
turn Turn
1 ° = 0.00277778 turn
mrad Milliradian
1 ° = 17.45329252 mrad

Understanding angle conversion

An angle converter changes a rotation or bearing between units — degrees to radians, gradians to degrees, or arcseconds to degrees. Degrees are the everyday unit, radians are what mathematics and programming languages expect, and the smaller subdivisions appear in navigation, surveying and astronomy. This tool covers degrees, radians, gradians, arcminutes, arcseconds, turns and milliradians.

The formula. Every value passes through the degree. A full circle is 360 degrees = 2π radians = 400 gradians = 1 turn, which gives 1 radian = 180/π ≈ 57.29578° and 1 gradian = 0.9°. The subdivisions are sexagesimal: 1° = 60 arcminutes and 1 arcminute = 60 arcseconds, so one arcsecond is 1/3600 of a degree.

Worked example. A right angle is 90°, which is 90 × π/180 = 1.570796 radians (π/2) or 100 gradians. Half a circle, 180°, is exactly π ≈ 3.141593 radians. Going the other way, 1 radian is about 57.3° — a little under a sixth of a circle.

Where it's used. Programming is the most common reason people need this: JavaScript's Math.sin(), Python's math.cos() and almost every other trigonometric function take radians, not degrees, so a value from a design tool or a user input in degrees must be converted first. Beyond that, latitude and longitude use degrees, minutes and seconds; surveying instruments often read in gradians; and telescope pointing and optical tolerances are specified in arcseconds and milliradians.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I convert degrees to radians?
Multiply by π/180, or about 0.0174533. So 90° = π/2 ≈ 1.570796 rad and 180° = π ≈ 3.141593 rad. To go back, multiply radians by 180/π ≈ 57.29578.
Why do programming languages use radians?
Because radians make the mathematics behind trigonometry work out cleanly — the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x) only when x is in radians. As a result Math.sin() in JavaScript, math.cos() in Python and their equivalents everywhere else all expect radians, so a value in degrees must be multiplied by π/180 first.
What is a gradian?
A gradian (or gon) divides a full circle into 400 parts instead of 360, making a right angle exactly 100 gradians. It was designed to fit the metric system and survives mainly in surveying and some European engineering, where the round 100 per quadrant simplifies slope calculations.
How many arcseconds are in a degree?
There are 3,600 arcseconds in a degree — 60 arcminutes, each of 60 arcseconds, the same sexagesimal split used for hours and minutes. These units appear in GPS coordinates, astronomy and precision optics, where one arcsecond is about 1/1800 of the Moon's apparent width.

Tips

  • Type in either field — conversion works both ways.
  • Use the swap button to reverse the direction instantly.
  • Click "Share" to copy a link with your value pre-filled.